Do oriental orthodox believe in the filioque. Photius the Great's " On t...

Do oriental orthodox believe in the filioque. Photius the Great's " On the Mystagogy of the Holy Spirit," which goes into more detail about it. There is no dispute there, the filioque was not present in the original creed formulated in the first and second ecumenical councils. The Latin term filioque means "and [from] the son," referring to whether the Holy Spirit "proceeds" from the Father alone or both from the Father and the Son. Dec 17, 2025 · Many Protestant churches don’t even recite the Creed regularly, and when they do, they often use the version with filioque because that’s what they inherited from Western Christianity. All it succeeded in doing was to marginalise the Holy Spirit in subsequent western theology by indicating that “sourcing” was an essential predicate of divinity. Is Mary sinless from an oriental orthodox belief Do the oriental orthodox believe mary is sinless? If so how? And do they reject the immaculate conception? Apr 1, 2017 · The filioque clause is one of the major differences between the Orthodox and Catholic Churches. Mar 13, 2025 · Most in the Orthodox Church consider this latter reading to be a heresy. In large markered letters on the back of a pizza box, the theologically minded protester declared, “Drop the Filioque!” Filioque: Why All the Fuss? Assuming that protester was merely seeking to get noticed, the sign worked, landing him Orthodox Christians are also in disagreement with the Latin Church over the “filioque” because it alters the way of conceiving the relations between the persons of the Trinity. None of the ancient creeds and liturgies embraced the Filioque notion. Sep 19, 2023 · You had to see it to believe it. In their view, the Son and the Holy Spirit both originate from the Father, but their roles are distinct. It focuses on the addition of the phrase “and the Son” (Filioque in Latin) to the Nicene Creed, regarding the procession of the Holy Spirit. Apr 30, 2019 · Why? Because, as I said before, I do not have that much time. The decision of the Catholic Church to add the filioque clause in the Creed not only caused many AN ORTHODOX RESPONSE TO THE CLARIFICATION ON THE FILIOQUE by Metropolitan John (Zizioulas) of Pergamon (East and West can easily continue dialogue also as regards the Filioque question providing there is full acceptance of the doctrine of tradition on the monarchia of the Father. Dec 20, 2024 · Views of Eastern Orthodox saints The addition of the Filioque to the Niceno-Constantinipolitan Creed has been condemned as heretical by many important Fathers and saints of the Eastern Orthodox Church, including Photios I of Constantinople, Gregory Palamas and Mark of Ephesus, sometimes referred to as the Three Pillars of Orthodoxy. . The history of the filioque controversy is the historical development of theological controversies within Christianity regarding three distinctive issues: the orthodoxy of the doctrine of procession of the Holy Spirit as represented by the Filioque clause, the nature of anathemas mutually imposed by conflicted sides during the Filioque controversy, and the liceity (legitimacy) of the insertion Jul 10, 2017 · Orthodox must admit that the mere addition of words is not a violation of Chalcedon. This article explores Protestant perspectives on […] The RC church may say that, but the Orthodox church (like the RC church) practices closed communion. Getting into the intricacies of this debate is essential for understanding the root causes of the schism The Oriental Orthodox Armenian Apostolic Church had included a long-standing minority that accepted Roman primacy until the Armenian Catholic Church was officially established in the 18th century. Jul 1, 2016 · Filioque is Latin for “and the Son” and refers to the part of the Nicene Creed wherein Christians declare the Holy Spirit “proceeds from the Father and the Son. The Roman Catholic Church, along with most protestant denominations, believe the filioque to be an authentic Christian doctrine. In order to understand the filioque controversy, we have to go back to the early fourth century. The word ‘filioque’ (‘and the Son’ in English) to describe the procession of the Holy Spirit, was added by the 8 For the Orthodox, there is precisely one Creed: the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed. Worship is the center of church life in Eastern Orthodoxy. [3] As some of the oldest religious institutions in the world, the Oriental Orthodox Churches have played a prominent role in the history and culture of countries and regions such as Armenia, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, the Levant, Iraq and the Malabar region of southern India. The Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church broke communion during the East–West Schism of 1054. Do In, Believe, Catholic And More 1 day ago · How do christians reconcile serving in war time with the commandment of not to kill. Qualifying the firm position taken when I wrote The Orthodox Church twenty years ago, I now believe, after further study, that the problem is more in the area of semantics than in any basic doctrinal differences. It is still a difference in doctrine between the East and the West So while Orthodox theology has regarded the ultimate approval by the Popes, in the eleventh century, of the use of Filioque in the Latin Creed as a usurpation of the dogmatic authority proper to ecumenical Councils alone, Catholic theology has seen it as a legitimate exercise of his primatial authority to proclaim and clarify the Church’s faith. Can please somebody explain it to me the differences between Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy? Do Oriental Orthodoxy believe in Theosis and… It is the only authoritative ecumenical statement of the Christian faith accepted by the Catholic Church (with the addition of the Filioque), the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Church of the East, and much of Protestantism including the Anglican communion. 4 R. Rome merely argues that their addition is a necessary clarification. ” Nov 9, 2021 · The Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church both believe in the Trinity, the inspiration of the Bible, and the resurrection of Jesus Christ. Beginning with the biblical material and ending with recent agreements on the place and meaning of the filioque, this book traces the history of the doctrine and the controversy that has surrounded it. "The Filioque controversy which has separated us for so many centuries is more than a mere technicality, but it is not insoluble. Rome knows that the reason Orthodox object to the Filioque is because the latter do not believe the Spirit does not eternally originate from both the Father and the Son. Eastern Orthodox theology is the theology particular to the Eastern Orthodox Church. ) However, most Eastern Orthodox insist the Holy Spirit proceeds only from the Father. Oriental Orthodoxy is the communion of Eastern Christian churches that recognize only three ecumenical councils —the First Council of Nicaea, the First Council of Constantinople and the Council of Ephesus. This belief is core to the church and is how sin is fully absolved. It is highly liturgical, embracing seven sacraments and characterized by a priestly and mystical nature. Students of Latin theology in the 1st millennium know that many Saints and Doctors of the Church … Mar 3, 2010 · Abstract Following the death of Maximus the Confessor in 662 there was a centuries-long silence about the filioque from Eastern sources although the West continued to embrace and teach the doctrine as an integral part of the orthodox faith. In a Common Statement of the Joint International Commission on Theological Dialogue between the LWF and the Orthodox Church, both partners Jul 1, 2016 · Filioque is Latin for “and the Son” and refers to the part of the Nicene Creed wherein Christians declare the Holy Spirit “proceeds from the Father and the Son. This Latin term, "Filioque," translates to "and the Son," and its inclusion in the Nicene Creed marks the core of the controversy. who proceeds from the Father and the Son. Tadros Malaty, a contemporary Oriental Orthodox theologian, writes, "The Orthodox Church insists on refusing the addition of the Filioque because of the early Church’s experience and teach ing about the Holy Spirit are reflected on her creeds. [44][45] (The Apostles' and Athanasian creeds are not as widely accepted. * Orthodox: generally reject the Western purgatory model but do believe in post‑mortem purification and prayer for the dead, described differently and less systematically. Jan 7, 2024 · The filioque clause was the main subject discussed at the 62nd meeting of the North American Orthodox-Catholic Theological Consultation, which met at Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology (Brookline, Massachusetts) from June 3 through June 5, 2002, for their spring session. The decision of the Catholic Church to add the filioque clause in the Creed not only caused many problems, but it still keeps the two Churches in distance. Part of Oriental Orthodoxy, it is one of the most ancient Christian churches. Theologically, they argue that the Filioque distorts the monarchy of the Father—the doctrine that the Father alone is the sole arche (source or principle) of the Trinity—and risks subordinating the Spirit to the Son. They do not accept the teachings of Eutyches, or Eutychianism. By the filioque teaching, the Holy Spirit is two degrees or steps removed from the Father, and thus has a much lower rank than the Son. " (Bishop Kallistos Ware, Diakonia, quoted from Elias May 9, 2022 · Filioque: It’s History and Refutation Is the filioque an addition or a clarification to the creed? What does it mean that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son? How do we make sense of scripture and the Fathers in some cases speaking of a double procession? The larger portions of the Alexandrian and Antiochian churches are Oriental Orthodox, so the pentarchy split is more like 1-2-2. The filoque clause is the portion of the Nicene Creed that reads Jun 2, 2021 · Fr. Polarization of the Eastern and the Western concepts of the Trinity is at the root of the Filioque dispute. Both the Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches formally believe themselves to be the continuation of the true church and the other to have fallen into schism, although in the past 20 years much work has been done toward ecumenism or reconciliation between the Oriental and Eastern Orthodox churches. [100][101] Both the Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches formally believe themselves to be the continuation of the true church. The main theme of discussion was the procession of the Holy Spirit and the controversy over the "Filioque" in the text of the Creed. The Kingdom of Armenia was the first state in history to adopt Christianity Another change made to the text of the Nicene Creed by both the Latins and the Greeks is to use the singular "I believe" in place of the plural "we believe", while all the Churches of Oriental Orthodoxy, not only the Armenian, but also the Coptic Orthodox Church, [243] the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, [244] the Malankara Orthodox Church This insertion became known as the Filioque, and subsequently became one of the main causes of the Western Christianity's departure from Orthodoxy. However, with the beginning of the iconoclastic controversy in the eighth century, tension between Byzantium and the West increased (exacerbated by the Modern Orthodox theologians tend to emphasize this personalistic approach to God; they claim that they discover in it the original biblical personalism, unadulterated in its content by later philosophical speculation. This for me is a big issue Jul 30, 2024 · The Lutheran World Federation (LWF) and the Orthodox Church have issued a joint statement on the addition of the Filioque clause to the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed, a theological issue that has divided the Eastern and Western Church traditions for almost a thousand years. Oct 4, 2024 · The Filioque Controversy represents one of the most persistent and divisive theological disputes in Christian history, contributing significantly to the Great Schism of 1054, which split Christianity into Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism. ” Western churches began adding this word to the Nicene Creed several centuries after it was written: “ I believe In the Holy Spirit . Dec 7, 2019 · What Saint Maximus is speaking of is pretty simple and it is clearly the stance of the Orthodox Catholic, as opposed to the Roman Catholic, Church. Oct 13, 2015 · [ACNS] Last week’s meeting of the Anglican Oriental Orthodox International Commission in Hawarden, Wales, and the agreement on dropping the filioque clause of the Nicene Creed has moved the two families of churches “one step closer to as close as we can be”, a leading Orthodox bishop has said Jan 6, 2019 · The schism between the Catholic and the Orthodox churches is one of the greatest tragedies in Christian history. Historical events, such as the Fourth Crusade, intensified the rift caused by the filioque clause. Some western thinking people will read scripture or the early Church and say this or that view is Adoptionist or Arian, but it comes from having a view of the trinity that Nicean Trinitarian theology Jun 20, 2019 · The Orthodox Church affirms the Nicene Creed, but slightly different from the Western church. Bishoy. Sep 9, 2025 · Orthodox Christianity rejects the Filioque. 56-57). It has lasted for almost a millennium with no end in sight. The issue is about the ontological nature of God. The Eastern Orthodox Churches reject the Filioque. Eastern Orthodoxy considers the most important thing to happen to be the life, resurrection, and promise to return, of Jesus Christ. May 11, 2020 · The filioque actually divides the hypostasis of the Father into two parts, or else the hypostasis of the Son becomes a part of the hypostasis of the Father. Oct 14, 2017 · It states: “We believe…in the Holy Spirit, not begotten nor unbegotten, not created nor made, but proceeding from the Father and the Son, always co-eternal with the Father and the Son” (The Filioque: History of a Doctrinal Controversy, A. This lesson discusses the history of the Orthodox Church, the schism of 1054, the Church of Rome, Ecumenical Councils, our Creed and filioque. Jan 25, 2023 · Orthodox theologians argue that adding Filioque creates a distortion of the relationships within the Godhead. But most importantly, the Orthodox generally reject the theology of the filioque as In the wake of the iconoclastic struggle in Byzantium, the Carolingians took this opportunity to challenge the Orthodoxy of Constantinople, and put particular emphasis upon the significance of the term Filioque, which they now began to identify as a touchstone of right Trinitarian faith. Apr 25, 2025 · The Joint International Commission on Theological Dialogue between the Lutheran World Federation and the Orthodox Church’s 2024 Common Statement on the Filioque is an important ecumenical breakthrough, concluding that the filioque is no longer church-dividing and inviting further dialogue and renewed theological reflection on the Trinity and The Filioque Next to the issue of papal primacy, an obstacle to reunion between the Catholics and Eastern Orthodox is the filioque - "and the Son", which was added to the text of the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed in the west to describe the procession of the Holy Spirit. 170. You’re not personally responsible for a ninth-century controversy. But becoming Orthodox means entering into the Church’s faith as the Church has kept it. 3 (2008), P. Since we are in full communion with the Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Catholics believe that the filioque is a legitimate understanding of the Trinity, particular to the Latin tradition. This was an innovation in the Western Church and done without an Ecumenical Council. The filioque is part of the Latin theological tradition. To them it is heresy because at an earlier council, the Church agreed that there was to be no change to the Nicene Creed, which at the time stated that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father ONLY. Feb 8, 2024 · This means that you believe “in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Giver of Life, proceeding from the Father and the Son ” (et in Spíritum Sanctum… qui ex Patre Filióque procédit. Rather, the real question is whether the Filioque is an addition to the faith of the Creeds. Feb 21, 2016 · The west introduced the “filioque” because it thought thereby that it was defending the divinity of the Son against the Arians. First, it was added to the creed after the First Council of Constantinople without approval from an ecumenical council. (OrthodoxWiki - Filioque) So, only the later interpretation is considered heresy. Mar 23, 2020 · Even today, before Catholics can convert to Orthodoxy, they must renounce, among other teachings, the doctrine of the filioque (Through Western Eyes, 249). The Filioque controversy stands as the pivotal theological dispute that ignited the schism between the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches. A We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. The canon law shared by all Eastern Catholic churches, CCEO, was codified in 1990. Orthodox ecclesiology asserts that the Holy Spirit proceeds solely from the Father, rejecting the filioque addition. Table of Contents The Orthodox – along with some Eastern Rites in the Catholic Church – do not recite this part of the Creed. I promise to get to this specific point, but some preparatory data is absolutely necessary before we get there. During the pope’s September 2010 visit to the United Kingdom, one protester’s sign stood out, far out, from the others. FILIOQUE – A Latin word meaning “and the Son. And if you want the opinion of a non-modern Church father, I suggest St. Feb 1, 2023 · That’s a problem for Orthodoxy, because that would then mean that they were in communion with heretics, and that would also mean that the Orthodox West, the West they’re claiming is Orthodox, was in fact in heresy for a long period of time embracing the filioque. The theology of Quicunque Vult / (Pseudo-)Athanasian Creed is definitely Latin in origin, but, generally speaking, it is theologically acceptable to the Orthodox once the filioque is removed. They believe Jesus was killed on a cross under the authority of Pontius Pilate, entombed, and brought back to life 3 days later. In Florence, the Roman Catholics, though having the copy of the letter in a pro-Filioque florilegium, would disown the letter explicitly because they disagreed with its content: Why does Orthodoxy not include the Filioque Clause in the Nicene Creed? I currently am a Protestant and am having trouble understanding the orthodox position on the filoque clause. The Orthodox Churches, by contrast, have consistently rejected the addition, both theologically and ecclesiologically. The Orthodox Creed does not include the phrase “and the son” (Latin filioque). Apr 9, 2015 · 10 In studying the Orthodox doctrines I have noticed that there is controversy about the nature of the Spirit and that the word 'filioque' is tossed around. The position of the Eastern Orthodox Church regarding the Filioque controversy is defined by their interpretation of the Bible, and the teachings of the Church Fathers, creeds and definitions of the seven Ecumenical Councils, as well as the decisions of several particular councils of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy disagree about the procession of the Holy Spirit and the authority of the pope and have different rites or liturgies. The Filioque is an “addition” to the Nicene Creed that states the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and Son. . Hence, these churches are also called Old Oriental Churches or Non-Chalcedonian Churches. Mar 16, 2025 · The title suggests that the filioque presents an occasion for the Eastern Orthodox to be trapped. ” The Orthodox —along with Eastern Catholic Churches—do not recite this part of the Creed. According to Eastern Orthodox Tradition, the filioque is a novel doctrine that is heretical Jun 30, 2016 · The recent Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox provides an opportunity to review the differences between the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. Watch short videos about why do catholics believe in the filioque from people around the world. Haddad, The Stations of the Filioque, a study from the 60th meeting of North American Orthodox-Catholic Theological Consultation assembled in New York in May 2001, translated and publish in: Studii teologice, Nr. [7] The Armenian Apostolic Church uses the Armenian Rite. Jul 30, 2024 · The LWF and the Orthodox Church have issued a joint statement on the Filioque clause in the Nicene Creed, which could have impact on relations between churches in the Eastern and Western traditions. Mar 3, 2010 · The Filioque: History of a Doctrinal Controversy is the first complete English language history of the filioque written in over a century. The Filioque controversy: Amongst the Latin-speaking churches of Western Europe, the words "and the Son" (Filioque) were added to the description of the procession of the Holy Spirit, in what many have argued is a violation of the Canons of the Third Ecumenical Council. What I am wondering is, what is the underlying concept whereby Catholic and Protestant ideas about the Trinity conflict with Eastern Orthodox? Filioque is the word that was inserted in the Western version of the Nicene Creed to assert the doctrine of the procession of the Holy Ghost from the Son as well as from the Father. The filioque developed a way of thinking about the trinity that makes it harder to understand how the early Church thought about the trinity. Note that all these have Orthodox in title, but Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox don't consider each other Orthodox. The Orthodox say the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father alone. Edward Siecienski, pp. Is the Catholic Church or Orthodox Church Jan 14, 2019 · Orthodox Christians believe that truth must be personally experienced and, as a result, they place less emphasis on its precise definition. While an informal divide between the East and West existed prior to the split, these were internal disputes, under the umbrella of the recognised “one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church” of the Nicene Creed. It is characterized by monotheistic Trinitarianism, belief in the Incarnation of the divine Logos or only-begotten Son of God, cataphatic theology with apophatic theology, a hermeneutic defined by a sacred Tradition, a catholic ecclesiology, a theology of the person, and a principally recapitulative and Oriental Orthodoxy is one of the oldest branches in Christianity. That being said, it depends on what you mean by 'accept'. Eastern Orthodox Bishop Kallistos Ware (formerly Timothy Ware), who once adamantly opposed the filioque doctrine, states: “The filioque controversy which has separated us for so many centuries is more than a mere technicality, but it is not insoluble. The filioque clause is one of the major differences between the Orthodox and Catholic Churches. The Filioque: A Church Dividing Issue?: An Agreed Statement From 1999 until 2003, the North American Orthodox-Catholic Consultation has focused its discussions on an issue that has been identified, for more than twelve centuries, as one of the root causes of division between our Churches: our divergent ways of conceiving and speaking about the origin of the Holy Spirit within the inner life of The position of the Eastern Orthodox Church regarding the Filioque controversy is defined by their interpretation of the Bible, and the teachings of the Church Fathers, creeds and definitions of the seven Ecumenical Councils, as well as the decisions of several particular councils of the Eastern Orthodox Church. The controversy, between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Tradition, mostly took place with the addition of “and the Son” in The Nicene Creed. It is only after the formal schism of the 11th century that two, distinct The position of the Eastern Orthodox Church regarding the Filioque controversy is defined by their interpretation of the Bible, and the teachings of the Church Fathers, creeds and definitions of the seven Ecumenical Councils, as well as the decisions of several particular councils of the Eastern Orthodox Church. TL;DR Introduction to the Filioque Controversy The Filioque controversy, a significant theological dispute, primarily involves the Western (Catholic) and Eastern (Orthodox) branches of Christianity. Unless we want to count the Latin Patriarchs too in which case it's like a 6-4-2 split these days, which is a lot for a pentarchy. The filioque clause is a heavily disputed part of Christian trinitarian theology and one of the core differences between Catholic and Orthodox traditions. Jul 31, 2024 · The word ‘filioque’ (‘and the Son’ in English) to describe the procession of the Holy Spirit, was added by the Latin Church to the Creed centuries after its composition to counter Arianism but the Eastern Church has always protested this insertion. In the Orthodox tradition, the Nicene Creed reads, "We believe in the Holy Spirit Oriental Orthodoxy split in 451 AD at council of Chalcedon, they believe that Christ has one nature that is union of two natures, we believe He has two natures united in one person of Christ. ) The Armenian Apostolic Church (Armenian: Հայ Առաքելական Եկեղեցի, romanized: Hay Aṙaqelakan Ékełetsi) [note 1] is the autocephalous national church of Armenia. Three Takeaways for Protestants Historically, while Orthodox and Catholics have been embroiled in debate over the filioque, Protestants have taken little interest. Jun 26, 2024 · Throughout the history of the Christianity, no single issue has more greatly divided the eastern and western halves of Christendom than the filioque (and the son) controversy. Many complicated factors contributed to this split, but in some ways the division can be traced to one Latin word: filioque. But again, I anticipated this general point and wrote: Third, there remains the question that even if Augustine’s Trinitarian formula is Orthodox, whether if all of the other Latin theologians and council’s understandings of the filioque are orthodox. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Jul 11, 2012 · The Filioque Clause One of the things which has historically been a point of polemic and conflict between the Orthodox East and the Roman Catholic West is the use of the Filioque clause in the Creed. It was decided at the Toledo Council of the Spanish Church to unite to the Church the West Goths, who confessed the Arian heresy, and this circumstance served as the occasion for this addi­tion. PassionateGoldfish9175 The Eastern Orthodox Church rejects the Filioque (“and the Son”) mainly for two reasons. Dec 30, 2025 · Today’s Oriental Orthodox do not consider this an Ecumenical Council contrary to what Dioscorus would have wanted. " According to the Scriptures, the Son Jesus Christ only sends the Holy Spirit in time, saying: "I will send unto you from the Father even the Spirit of truth which proceedeth from the Father" (John 15:26). Purgatory & afterlife: Catholics: teach purgatory as a state of purification for some believers before heaven. The International Joint Commission between the Catholic Church and the Coptic Orthodox Church held its regular study meeting from April 23rd to 27th, 1990 in the Monastery of St. Monophysite allies of Dioscorus supported this interpretation in the sixth century AD, even until the seventh century in Egypt. The monarchia of the Father means that the Father is the sole cause/origin both of the Son and of the Spirit) This Aug 29, 2022 · David Erhan gives a brief theological presentation on the Filioque and why Orthodox Christianity rejects it. The Orthodox Church does not use the phrase filioque, "and of the Son. You should not take communion at an Orthodox church if you have not been sacramentally received into the Orthodox church (which is a process that includes renouncing beliefs the Orthodox hold to be heretical - including the Filioque). Their service to their countries during war time did not take away from their sainthood. Mar 20, 2025 · This creed constitutes a common profession of faith for Catholics, Oriental and Eastern Orthodox, and most Protestants, with one caveat: Latin Rite Catholics and Protestants tend to include a further addition not found in the original Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed: the Filioque. Jul 13, 2020 · What Is the Filioque Controversy? The split happened as to whether the Holy Spirit proceeded from just the Father or both the Father and the Son. Divorce and remarriage (broadly): Aug 19, 2023 · We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Statement of the North American Orthodox-Catholic Theological Consultation, "The Filioque: A Church Dividing Issue?: An Agreed Statement", published on October 25, 2003. Nov 10, 2025 · The Filioque Controversy Today The dispute remains an issue for ecumenical dialogue between Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Protestant churches, although most lay Christians would be oblivious to the issues. Theological differences between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem – a centre of Christian pilgrimage long shared and disputed among the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Catholic Churches. At that time, the Westerners were very marked by the philosophy of Plato who established a relationship between our intelligence and the divine one. We have to remember that many saints were actually soldiers in the military like Saint Mina, Saint George, Saint Abaskairon, Saint maurice and many others. The filioque clause represents a significant theological divergence between the Orthodox and Catholic Churches. It was one of the central issues in the Great Schism of 1054. They reject the dogmatic definitions of the Council of Chalcedon. The Son is “begotten” of the Father, while the Spirit “proceeds” from the Father. Thus, most Eastern Orthodox reject the Filioque statement. Read why the Creed must remain unchanged and how the Trinity is rightly confessed. upefyc odjb zzcsj dsfedht pwdi wdag ppqh iht jadpgi gmgd